New York - New York City policymakers and affordable housing advocates have criticised the lodging website Airbnb after the company released a report claiming it benefited “predominantly black” neighbourhoods.
Critics called it a “duplicitous” and “disingenuous” PR push, a smokescreen to obscure how Airbnb is actually “ravaging” black neighbourhoods in New York by taking rental units off the market, thereby contributing to raised rents amid a significant housing crisis.
“It's a typical Airbnb puff-piece where they release selective data,” Sarah Desmond, executive director of the Manhattan-based advocacy non-profit Housing Conservation Coordinators, told The Independent. “No one else has access to the raw data, they only have the summarised whitewashed version. [Airbnb] obviously uses the data points that make the case it wants to make.”
The report, released last week, showed a 78 per cent increase in guests renting Airbnb listings in the 30 postal codes of the five boroughs with the highest black populations over the year to 31 March. Additionally, the number of hosts in the city who listed their spaces - whether private room, shared space or full unit - grew by 35 percent; but in black neighbourhoods, there was a 60 percent increase.
More listings bring more visitors, and more visitors bring their pocketbooks and tourist dollars to the communities, according to the report. At least $43m went into these 30 postal codes' economies - an increase of 63 percent from 2014 to 2015, and a 68 percent increase from the year before that.
Airbnb's figures also show that 58 percent of listings in predominantly black neighbourhoods were private rooms or shared spaces, “creating a great opportunity for retirees, empty-nesters and anyone with a little extra space to make a bit of extra money. The other 42 percent are full-unit rentals, despite New York State law that prohibits these types of rentals for fewer than 30 days.
New York City Council member Robert Cornegy, whose district includes Bedford-Stuyvesant, attributed a boost to the brick and mortar businesses in the community to the 900 Airbnb hosts he said were in the neighbourhood. “The predominant housing stock [in Bedford-Stuyvesant] is brownstones and limestones - one to three family dwellings,” Mr Cornegy said. The councilman said Airbnb provided his constituents with an additional opportunity to earn extra revenue, whether they were homeowners filling a room for a relative in college, or residents who ran bed and breakfast business in their three-to-four family brownstone.
Airbnb, however, offered no data to show who offered rentals in neighbourhoods such as Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn; nor did they specify who owned the businesses they said benefit from tourist dollars. When asked to elaborate on the data in the report, Josh Meltzer, Airbnb's head of public policy for New York: “[The] report is further evidence that Airbnb is positively impacting communities throughout the city.”
“[Airbnb] really doesn't say whether or not black people are truly benefitting,” said Norrinda Hayat, assistant professor of law and director of the Housing and Consumer Law Clinic at the University of the District of Columbia. “They're saying: 'People in these neighbourhoods are benefitting - we're not going to say whether they're black or not. Businesses in these neighbourhoods are benefitting - we're not going to say whether they're black-owned or not.' I think if that were the case, they'd say it. It would help.”
Independent data analyst Murray Cox, creator of the website Inside Airbnb, which analyses raw data pulled from the platform, said he had “no doubt” that some residents of Bedford-Stuyvesant and other historically black neighbourhoods were benefitting. However, he said, “we know those neighbourhoods are not just black neighbourhoods, they're gentrifying neighbourhoods. Many of those neighbourhoods have a very high percentage of renters - more than the city average.
Bedford-Stuyvesant has undergone significant gentrification over the past 15 years. From 2000 to 2010, the white population increased by 633 percent, according to Census data.
Mr Cox said that because of the growth of the white population and rising rents, the likelihood of Airbnb actually benefitting black residents is rather low.
Although no racial demographics appeared in Airbnb's report, Mr Cox developed a beta map of Airbnb listings across New York that pulled pictures from host profiles using data from 2014. In Bedford-Stuyvesant, white hosts had a significant presence on the map despite only being 10 percent of the area's population, per 2010 Census data.
“The racial makeup of the Airbnb community doesn't match those underlying neighbourhoods,” Mr Cox said. “When you're looking at who's using Airbnb in those neighbourhoods, there's clearly a disparity away from the black population.”
Based on data presented in Inside Airbnb, 45.7 percent of about 2 000 Airbnb listings in Bedford-Stuyvesant are full-unit rentals, 71.1 percent of listings are available more than 60 days out of the year, and 28.6 percent of hosts have multiple listings - increasing the likelihood of unlawful behaviour and the removal of housing stock from the rental market to use as “illegal hotels.
“Even in their release of the data in this study, [Airbnb] can't help but admit all the illegal rentals that are posted on their website,” said New York City Council member Helen K Rosenthal. Ms Rosenthal and council member Jumaane Williams serve on the Committee on Housing and Buildings are working on legislation to regulate Airbnb, especially when hosts have multiple listings and rent out full units.
Under legislation introduced by Ms Rosenthal in June 2015, illegal hotel operators could face fines of up to $50 000 (about R600 000). Airbnb called the proposed measure an “attack on the middle class, saying that everyday users of the platform would face a financial burden should the law pass. Mr Williams said Airbnb relied on conflating middle-class Airbnb users with who use the platform unlawfully.
Airbnb said it was willing to work with the City Council to find a way to regulate and enforce these illegal hotels. “Airbnb opposes illegal hotels in New York - they are bad for our community and do not offer the local experience our travelers seek,” said Mr Meltzer. “We are eager to work with City Council to pass sensible home sharing laws that discourage illegal hotels and allow hosts to share their primary home.”
The Independent